Canada is the second largest country on the planet, so trying to see it in one month is definitely ambitious. Fly into Vancouver and spend 3 days just sightseeing. Include a side trip up to Whistler in this 3 days and then take the bus to Calgary, Alberta. If you hit Calgary in mid July, take in the Calgary Stampede. Do a side trip to Drumheller to see the Badlands makiing 3 days in Calgary. Take the train to Winnipeg and spend another 3 days including a side trip up to Gimli, Manitioba and Lake Winnipeg. Next stop should be Thunder Bay, Ontario, either by train or bus. Although this gets expensive, I would suggest renting a car and try to find a one way rental since you will be dropping it in Ottawa or Montreal. Spend a day in TB and make a side trip to Kakabeka Falls. Then drive the North Shore of Lake Superior on highway 17 through Sault Ste Marie to Sudbury. Visit the Big Nickle mine then back track to Expanola and take highway 6 south to South Baymouth on Maitoulin Island. You might want to tour the Island which will take another day. From Thunder Bay to this point will probably have taken about 4 to 5 days, depending on how much sight seeing you did. At South Baymouth, take the ferry to Tobermory and then follow highway 6 south to Guelph, Ontario. With sight seeing, you may take a day. Follow on south through Hamilton to Niagara Falls and take the Niagara Parkway north to Niagara on the Lake (NOTL) and then back through wine country to the QEW to take you into Toronto. Another day to do this and Toronto needs more than 3 days but don't let it happen as you still have a long way to go. From Toronto, go east to Peterborough, then Kingston and follow the Rideau Canal up to Ottawa. Either drop the car in Ottawa and take the bus to Montreal, Quebec or else, drive the 417 to Montreal and drop the car there. You are now in French speaking territory, so I hope you have a few phrases. Three days for Montreal and then take the bus to Quebec City for another 3 days. Take the ferry across the river to Levis and take the train to Saint John, New Brunswick. Three days here with side trips, then bus to Prince Edward Island with a day in Charlottetown and a tour of the island. Bus back to Halifax, Nova Scotia for another 3 days, then back on the bus to Saint Johns, Newfoundland and Labrador. This ride alone could be 2 days and you should spend another 2 or 3 in St Johns with side trips to Signal Hill and Cape Spear, the closest point to Europe in North America. See if you can organize a direct flight back to London from St John's or Gander as it will probably be cheaper than flying back to Toronto and on to London.
I haven't tallied up how many days this is, but most of the major towns have youth hostels, you can sleep in the rental car if you want and some of the train schedules may allow you to sleep en route. I have completely left out Northern Canada and 1000's of historic and picturesque spots but at least you will be able to say you were in all 10 provinces.
Good Luck and Happy Holidays.
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