Yes, they could survive, but you would never get them on the plane.
Airlines have very strict rules about bringing animals on the plane. Only certain kinds are allowed, and each flight is only allowed a certain number of animals. Most animals have to have a health certificate from a vet.
There are three different ways you can get animals on a flight. The first way is when you bring them on as a "Carry-on". This is when you put them in a small, approved carrier that can fit under your seat. I'm pretty sure that most airlines wont let you bring rats on as carry-ons, and if you have two rats, you have to have two people. The second way is to bring them as "Checked Baggage". Most airlines will only let you bring rats as Checked Baggage. They have to be in an approved carrier, and they will be stores in a special climate-controlled, pressure-controlled part of the plane. The third way is to ship them as Cargo. This is usually for people who aren't traveling with their pets.
There are a lot of other things to consider as well. Traveling with pets can be very expensive, around $200 each. You might not be able to take them with you if they are not allowed in the place you are going (such as Hawaii or Alberta).Traveling is always stressful on pets, especially small animals like rats.
Probably the most cost-effective thing you can do is have someone ship them to you after you get there instead of trying to bring them with you on the plane. Shipping crates for mammals and other costs end up making it about $130 to ship a pair of rats.
If you don't have a VERY good reason for taking them on a plane, you probably shouldn't. If you still want to do it, you need to contact your local airlines and ask them about their rules. Each one is different. In the USA, I think Delta Airlines is the best carrier to use for shipping animals.
Check this out:
http://tinyurl.com/5kf9t4
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