The spiritual foundation of Christanity occured in Palestine at the cruxifiction of Jesus Christ circa 30 A.D. However, the man most responsible for establishing it as a unified religion was Paul of Tarsus. During the first half of the first century A.D, Christian cults began springing up in Rome (he city itself), Greece (notably Corinth and Athens), and Asia Minor (Antioch and Tarsus).
Christianity was recognized as an official religion of the Empire by Emperor Constantine in 312 A.D (It was made the state religion in 396 A.D by Emperor Theodosius). In that same year, the Council of Nicea met, and established a unified canon for the Christians. This was truly the physical foundation of the Christian church, as prior to 312 A.D The Christians were divergent cults with little in common besides naming Jesus as savior.
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