Can you name some mountains, vegetation, and natural resources of central America?

NATURAL RESOURCES
The region contains some valuable natural resources, including nickel, iron ore, fish, timber and oil. Unfortunately, the digging and mining of some of these resources has created environmental problems. For example, mining in Honduras has led to water pollution. The logging of timber has led each of the six countries to unsustainable rates of deforestation.

PHYSIOGRAPHIC REGIONS

For the most part Central America is a rugged, mountainous area, with 109 large volcanoes, some more than 4000 m (13,120 ft) high; Tajumulco, in Guatemala, is the highest at 4220 m (13,845 ft).

VEGETATION

Central America has a great variety of plants, and the vegetation is similar to that of North and South America. The lowland rain forest of the Caribbean and Pacific coasts resembles the selva, or tropical rain forest, of South America. This is especially true below an elevation of about 1000 m (about 3280 ft), with large numbers of palms, tree ferns, lianas, and epiphytes (air plants) reflecting the high rainfall and humidity of the region. Vegetation at altitudes of about 1000 to 1600 m (about 3280 to 5250 ft) shows ties with North America. The pine and oak forests of these highlands are like those of the Mexican highlands. High-altitude regions of Guatemala contain grasses like those of Mexico and the U.S., and at about 3100 m (about 10,170 ft) in Costa Rica can be found tall grasses similar to those growing above the tree line in the Andes Mts. of South America.

MINERAL RESOURCES

The minerals of Central America were an early lure for European settlers. Gold and silver are in Honduras and the highlands of Nicaragua. In addition, Honduras has significant deposits of lead, zinc, copper, and low-grade iron ore, and Nicaragua has large deposits of natural gas offshore in the Pacific. Large nickel deposits are in the vicinity of Lake Izabal in Guatemala, and the country also has substantial reserves of petroleum, including those near Chinajá. Panama has considerable deposits of copper.

MINING

The mineral output of Central America is small. Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua produce limited quantities of silver, gold, lead, copper, and antimony. In the early 1980s Guatemala began to export small quantities of crude oil.


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