Most of the Asian countries that we view as being so technologically advanced were dirt poor 50 years ago. South Korea being a great example of that. In about 60 years they went from poverty to having the world's fastest internet and telecom system. In 1970's they had the same GDP as Ghana now they are considered a middle income country.
Also consider Japan. After they were bombed they had a contaminated environment and lost a war. By 1980 they rebuilt everything and by 1990 Japan was bailing the US out of debt.
It comes from having a good long term goal and the strength to revolutionize your country. Of course it also means the destruction of traditional economic markets and some traditional values which a lot of countries are not willing to do. In order to make that turning point from a extensively growing market to a intensive market (meaning from traditional 3D jobs to the service oriented market) there are factors that have to be in place before the country is ready to make major changes.
Also disease, war, and political instability threaten the security of poorer nations making it impossible to make a better life for themselves
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