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if you have one solid block of steel that is 1 mile long, if you push it 1 cm on one end it will (at the same time) go 1 cm further on the other end,
If you have one block of air you can push it put it can compress meaning you'll have to push a bit harder |
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Because in solids particles are arranged in fixed positions right next to each other. So sound moves faster from particle to particle. In air, particles are very far apart and they move randomly at high speeds. So it takes a longer time for sound to travel in air
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Let's not forget it depends on the solid. The crystal sructure of metals makes them excellent conductors of sound. On the other hand, if light and dense compounds are arranged in layers, sound doesn't conduct through. But generally speaking, denser mediums conduct sound more efficiently. That's why you never set off a firecracker in a swimming pool when someone is under the water; it can easily damage their hearing, and fish in a pond will go belly-up from the same thing. The difference in the speed of sound is measurably different in the winter and summer, because the cold dry air of winter is much more dense. Measure the time between the flash of a gun and the sound at a distance of one mile with a stopwatch, and you can measure it I think.
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